Abstract

Artificial intelligence (AI), a transformative technology rooted in decades of computational evolution, from early symbolic reasoningto modern deep learning breakthroughs, is bringing great impact and opportunities to scientific research. Synchronously, AI israpidly transforming traditional approaches in bone research. The surge in orthopedic big data, advancements in high-performancecomputing, as well as innovative AI algorithms, has led to an explosive growth in applications across bone fundamental research andorthopedic clinical practice. These applications span pathological investigation, biomarker discovery, screening of critical interven-tion targets, drug discovery, disease diagnosis, treatment assistance, postoperative rehabilitation, and prediction of disease recur-rence, highlighting vast potential of AI to facilitate bone research. However, challenges persist regarding data quality, data sharing,interpretability, and ethical considerations. In the future, advances in AI are expected to drive significant progress in drug targetidentification and new drug discovery, moving orthopedic clinical practice from symptom management toward precision medicine.Additionally, the integration of large language models and parallel intelligence in orthopedics could bring revolutionary changes. Wehope this review can provide basis for AI applications in biological research and clinical translation, advancing intelligent andpersonalized management of musculoskeletal system diseases.